People
1992 - 2003 | Directors | Helga E. Rippen (2001 - 2003) Ph.D., Biomedical Engineering, Duke University; M.D., University of Florida; MPH, Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University; B.S.M.E., Mechanical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University.
Dr. Rippen was the Director of the Science and Technology Policy Institute at RAND from 2001 - 2003. She has done work in the areas ranging from health informatics, environmental health, online quality and ethics, and low Reynolds number fluid mechanics.
Previously, Dr. Rippen was the Director of Medical Informatics at Pfizer Health Solutions. From 1996 to 1999, she was the founder and director of the Health Information Technology Institute at Mitretek Systems in McLean, Virginia. Earlier in the 1990s, she worked as an American Association for the Advancement of Science diplomacy fellow with USAID, as an analyst with the Office of Technology Assessment, as a physician and analyst with OSHA, and as a fellow in the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion at the Department of Health and Human Services. She did postdoctoral work as a Fellow at the Max-Planck Institute for Biochemistry in Germany and as a NATO Fellow at the University of British Columbia. She has served on numerous nonprofit boards and chaired many of them. She completed her medical internship at Georgetown University and her residency in preventive medicine at Johns Hopkins University. Rippen is Board Certified in Public Health and General Preventive Medicine. Bruce Don (1995 - 2001) Ph.D., Public Policy Analysis, RAND Graduate School, 1985; B.S. Astronautics, U.S. Air Force Academy, 1967.
Dr. Don was director of the Science and Technology Policy Institute at the RAND Corporation from 1995 - 2001. His own research has focused on the economics of digital technology, strategic planning in such technologically dependent fields as energy and the nation's air transport system, and the impact of advances in science and technology on international relations. Previously, Dr. Don served director of the Army's Force Development and Employment Program at RAND and as associate director of the Air Force Theater Forces Program. In leading these research programs, Dr. Don advised the Army and Air Force on the acquisition and employment of advanced combat systems and on the composition and size of combat and support forces. He was also charged with developing the combat models, simulations, and other analytic tools necessary to undertake such research. Before coming to RAND, Dr. Don served in the Air Force. He is a decorated combat veteran with over 200 combat missions in Vietnam. Rev. 9/01. Stephen Drezner (1992 - 1995) M.S., Quantitative Analysis from the University of Southern California; B.S., Mathematics, Queens College, New York; B.S., Industrial Engineering from Columbia University.
Mr. Drezner was the institute's first director, when it was called the Critical Technologies Institute. At the RAND Corporation, he is a senior vice president emeritus and a senior advisor to the president and has the unique distinction of having served as director of three RAND FFRDCs for policy studies: Project AIR FORCE(1981-1984), the Arroyo Center (1984-1990), and the Critical Technologies Institute (1992-1995).
He has also managed research programs in a wide range of areas, including personnel and training, planning and management, military doctrine and force structure, advanced technologies, logistics, resource management, and national security strategy. Mr. Drezner has been a leader in the development of new analytic methodologies, particularly the design and application of computer-based modeling and simulation to policyanalysis. He has led a number of important projects, such as studies on the survivabilityand utility of tactical air, the Army’s next generation of combat helicopter,and how to re-engineer the planning and support structure of the military services.
| Associates | Walter S. Baer (Ph.D., Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1964) is a Senior Policy Analyst focusing primarily on S&T policy issues. He formerly was Deputy Vice President for Domestic Research at the RAND Corporation and previously held senior positions in industry and government. He has published widely in the fields of communications, information, education, energy, and science and technology policy. His current research focuses on issues of U.S. and international technology development, competition and regulation in telecommunications and information technology, and the uses and implications of the Internet and other information technologies in education. Rev. 4/98.
| Ed Balkovich (Ph.D. and M.S., Electrical Engineering, University of California at Santa Barbara, 1971, 1976; B.A. Mathematics, University of California at Berkeley, 1968) is a senior engineer at the RAND Corporation. His current research focuses on telecommunications and information technologies, and infrastructure. Prior to RAND, he was a Director in the Technology organization of Verizon Communications (formerly Bell Atlantic). While at Verizon, he led technology assessment activities focused on the use of IP networks in telecommunications. His work included the design and deployment of Verizon's first voice services for IP networks, and prototypes of video, voice, and VPN concepts delivered by DSL access and IP networks. In addition to technology assessment, he also played a significant role in understanding and explaining the policy implications of emerging technologies and IP networks. His policy contributions included both regulatory and law enforcement issues. While at Verizon, he also served the National Research Council on a committee dealing with the Department of Defense C4I System Architecture, and a follow up workshop convened to explore a security recommendation made in the committee's report.
Before joining Verizon, he was a member of Digital Equipment Corporation's (now Compaq's) Cambridge Research Lab. While at Digital he was the first Associate Director of MIT's Project Athena (which developed X-windows, Kerberos authentication, and Zepher messaging). He contributed to various engineering and research projects, and customer applications spanning the areas of clustered computing, telecommunications, virtual private networks, and electronic publishing. His work with customer applications helped to define and create an internal consulting organization supporting leading edge applications of computing and networks by customers. He worked in the aerospace industry prior to joining Digital. In addition to his industrial experience, he has held research and academic appointments at MIT, Brandeis, the University of Connecticut, and the University of California. Rev. 3/02.
| James T. Bartis (Ph.D., Chemical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 1972, Sc.B., Chemistry, Brown University, 1967) is a senior policy analyst experienced in conducting technical assessments, systems analyses, and policy studies applied to energy, environment, and technology development issues. His work has included assessing research and development needs for advanced fuel cells, reviewing future mining technologies, developing a strategic framework for informing Army decisions regarding global climate change and energy management, and assessing domestic response capabilities for terrorism involving weapons of mass destruction. Prior employment includes Science Applications International Corporation (Vice President) and Eos Technologies (Vice President and cofounder). From 1978 to 1982, he served in the U.S. Department of Energy, where he worked in the Office of Energy Research, directed the policy and planning office of the Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, and directed the Divisions of Fossil Energy and Environment within department's Office of Policy and Evaluation. Rev. 10/99.
| Mark Bernstein (Ph.D., Energy Management and Environmental Policy, University of Pennsylvania) is a Senior Policy Analyst working to develop the RAND Corporation's expertise and analytical capabilities on energy and environmental issues. His recent projects include reports on the economic impacts of energy efficiency, and impacts of energy alternatives for the Pacific Northwest, assessment of oil and gas reserves in the Intermountain West, state level changes in energy intensity, and a portfolio approach of energy and climate change policy. During the 2001 energy problems in California, Mark advised the Speaker of the CA State Assembly. Until June of 1998 Mark spent two years as the Senior Energy Policy Analyst for the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy in the Executive Office of the President. Mark was responsible for energy issues as it relates to technology and the economy including reviewing Department of Energy's R&D budgets, working on legislation on electricity restructuring, climate change technology strategies, renewable energy technologies and housing technology issues. Prior to working at OSTP Mark spent over three years in the Washington DC office of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory as Principal Energy Policy Analyst. Previously, Mark spent 7 years on the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania and as Director of the Center for Energy and the Environment, and also worked for United Engineers and Consultants. Rev. 9/02.
| Irene T. Brahmakulam (M.A., Science, Technology and Public Policy, The George Washington University, 2001; B.S., Chemistry, Duquesne University, 1997) was a research assistant focusing on science and technology issues at the RAND Corporation. She worked on projects involving innovation, public-private partnerships, and international science and technology cooperation. Prior to her current position, Irene was an intern at both RAND and the Office of Science and Technology Policy. She received a fellowship to work at the Department of Interior, interned at the National Government Relations Office of the American Cancer Society, and was a teaching assistant for the Chemistry Department at Georgetown University. Rev 11/01
| William (Bill) Butz (Ph.D. [ABD], Economics, University of Chicago; B.A., Economics, Indiana University) rejoined the RAND Corporation in April 2002 as a senior economist concentrating on policy-related research in the areas of Science and Technology and Labor and Population. His research has focused on economic and demographic aspects of poverty, fertility, mortality, nutrition, and education. He has also addressed diverse aspects of science policy and administration. He serves on the Board of Reviewing Editors of Science magazine, with responsibility in the social and behavioral sciences and science policy.
Mr. Butz was previously director of Economic and Social Assessment for the International Management and Communications Corporation (IMCC) and Senior Resident Consultant at the Futures Group, Inc. Earlier, at the National Science Foundation, he was division director for Social, Behavioral and Economic Research and, later, director of the new Division of Social and Economic Sciences. As associate director for Demographic Programs at the U.S. Census Bureau, he was responsible for the U.S. Current Population Survey, the Survey of Income and Program Participation, the American Community Survey, and dozens of other national household surveys. He also directed population estimates and projections, subject-matter aspects of the decennial census, and the international programs. In his first stint at RAND, he was principal investigator on interdisciplinary survey and research projects in the U.S. and overseas and served as deputy director of the Labor and Population Studies Program and Senior Economist. Rev. 9/02.
| Robert M. Chapman (M.S.E., Systems Engineering, George Washington University) was a RAND Corporation consultant and former Chairman of the U.S. Department of Commerce's Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV) Technical Taskforce and retired Vice President for Government Programs of Allied Signal Aerospace Company. He is the author of The Machine That Could: PNGV, a Government-Industry Partnership, a document that recounts the story of PNGV'S beginnings and how it faced stiff political and organizational challenges. The book also details lessons that may be useful to managers of similar partnerships in the future. Rev. 10/99.
| Elisa Eiseman (Ph.D., Human Genetics, the Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1989) came to the RAND Corporation and the Science and Technology Policy Institute (S&TPI) in 1996 as an American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Technology Policy Science and Engineering Fellow. In September 1998, she was hired as a RAND employee. Dr. Eiseman's policy interests include the areas of biotechnology, biomedicine and bioethics. She recently served as a science consultant for the National Bioethics Advisory Commission, where she worked on issues of cloning, use of human biological materials in research, and the research use of human embryonic stem cells. Dr. Eiseman also has an interest in environmental issues and has been involved in several projects, including the monitoring of fine particulate matter, endocrine disruptors, and the potential environmental impacts of combinatorial chemistry. Before coming to S&TPI, Dr. Eiseman was a senior scientist at Cell Therapeutics, Inc., a Seattle-based biotechnology company, where she conducted cancer research and was involved in several aspects of drug development. Prior to that, she was employed at Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute in Princeton, New Jersey. Dr. Eiseman was a postdoctoral fellow at the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute. Rev. 10/99.
| Emile Ettedgui (Ph.D., Physics, University of Rochester, 1995; M.S., Technology Management, University of Maryland University College, 1998) is an associate physical scientist at the RAND Corporation. Prior to joining RAND, he worked at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, where he investigated the behavior and performance of organic light emitting devices. Emile also analyzed the competitive advantage of mass customization for small and medium-sized companies and its implementation in a Internet-based environment. Since joining RAND, he has been active in the evaluation of new technologies primarily for military needs as well as in process modeling. These studies have included technical assessments and the analysis of development schedules. He has also participated in understanding long-term planning issues associated with technical research and development in an uncertain environment. Rev. 10/99.
| Donna Fossum (Ph.D., Sociology, State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNYAB); J.D., SUNYAB; M.A., Sociology/Criminology, SUNYAB; B.A., Anthropology, University of New Mexico) is a senior social scientist and legal policy analyst and the director of the RaDiUS program at the RAND Corporation. The RaDiUS data system is the most comprehensive, authoritative source of information on federally funded research and development (R&D) ever created. RaDiUS has tapped previously unused sources of information on federal R&D activities and sparked the development of software that allows an ORACLE-based data system to be directly exercised by a Web browser. Dr. Fossum has done pioneering work in analyzing the boundaries and contents of the federal R&D portfolio. In addition, she has done work on the global positioning system, homeland security, the federal budget process, federal procurement policy, federal statistical systems, women and minorities in the professions, and community policing.
Prior to joining RAND, Dr. Fossum served as legal counsel and technology specialist to the Committee on Government Operations in the U.S. House of Representatives. She has also served as the deputy associate administrator of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy in the Office of Management and Budget, where she devoted much of her time to advising the Administrator for Federal Procurement Policy on matters involving the Defense-Industrial Base. More recently, she served as the senior advisor for Science Resources Development at the National Science Foundation. She has also been a Fellow at the Baldy Center of Law and Social Policy in New York and an editor of Law and Society Review and is admitted to the practice of law in New York, Illinois, and the District of Columbia. On its 100th anniversary in 1989, the University of New Mexico specially honored her as a Centennial Distinguished Alumna. Rev. 9/02.
| Thomas K. Glennan, Jr. (Ph.D., Economics, 1968, Stanford University) is a senior advisor for education policy in the Washington Office of RAND. His research at the RAND Corporation has spanned a wide variety of policy planning issues in such diverse areas as education, manpower training, energy, environmental enforcement, demonstration program management in health and human services, and military research and development. Through 1997, he led RAND's analytic effort in support of the New American Schools Development Corporation. He has also examined potential national and federal policies in support of the use of technology in elementary and secondary education. He recently led an effort to develop plans for coherent, long-term programs of R&D in Reading and Mathematics Education for the Office of Education Research and Improvement in the federal Department of Education. He is a coauthor of books on the management of research and development and the use of social experiments in policy planning. Dr. Glennan served as Director of Research and Acting Assistant Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity for Planning, Research and Evaluation before becoming the first Director of the National Institute of Education in 1972. Rev. 3/02.
| Charles A. Goldman (Ph.D., Economic Analysis and Policy, Stanford University Graduate School of Business, 1993; S.B., Computer Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986) is an economist at the RAND Corporation, specializing in the economics of education and international technology transfer. His work includes a comprehensive examination of strategy and competition in U.S. higher education and a major study of the production of science and engineering Ph.D.s in the United States. His international research examines the impact of technology and economics on U.S.-Asia relations. He has studied U.S. policy toward China, technology transfer, and foreign direct investment. Charles led an S&T Policy institute project to assess and improve the research partnership between the federal government and universities. Rev. 3/98.
| Mihal E. Gross (Ph.D., Organometallic Chemistry, Northwestern University 1981; B.Sc., Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1977; Mini-MBA, Wharton School of Business 1994) was an AAAS/RAND Technology Policy Fellow with the RAND Corporation's Science and Technology Policy Institute. Dr. Gross came to RAND from Bell Labs, where she was a Research Supervisor for seventeen years. Her research activities included fundamental materials chemistry and its application for microelectronics, nanotechnology, and optical microelectromechanical (MEMS) devices. She holds five patents, with two more pending, and has authored over fifty papers in refereed journals. Dr. Gross chaired the Bell Labs Advisory Council on Research (1996), received the Bell Labs President's Gold Medal Award (1997), and led a joint development program with NEC (1995-2000). Dr. Gross currently serves on the Board of Directors of the Materials Research Society and the Executive Committee of the Advanced Metallization Conference. Dr. Gross' current research interests include nanoscale science and technology, including economic and societal implications; systems for multidisciplinary research, invention, and innovation; industrial competitiveness in S&T and workforce diversity; development of sustainable technologies, and government-university-industry cooperation in S&T. Rev. 9/02.
| Scott Hassell (M.S., Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; M.S., Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; B.S., Engineering, Swarthmore College) was an Associate Engineer at the RAND Corporation. His research spanned the areas of energy, environment, climate change, economic development, technology policy, and mobility. Prior to joining RAND, he worked on issues as diverse as sustainable transportation policies for Bangkok, high-level radioactive waste management, and Everglades restoration. Rev. 10/99.
| Brian A. Jackson (Ph.D., Bioinorganic Chemistry, California Institute of Technology, 1999; B.S., Chemistry, Haverford College, 1994) is an associate physical scientiste. His research interests broadly center around national science policy and the strategic and policy implications for organizations or societies of technological change and the adoption of new technologies. Current and recent research activities include work on personal protective technology for emergency responders, management of emergency worker safety during disaster response, critical infrastructure protection for homeland security, terrorist group technology adoption and organizational learning, and a study of issues surrounding intellectual property law in biotechnology and genomics. Rev. 9/02.
| Terrence (Terry) Kelly (Ph.D., Mathematics; Ph.D. all but dissertation, Decision Sciences and Engineering Systems; M.A., Computer and Systems Engineering-all from Rennselaer Polytechnic Institute; B.A., West Point; graduate, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College) is a Senior Operations Researcher with the RAND Corporation in Pittsburgh, PA, concentrating on homeland security and critical infrastructure protection and development and on Army force development. A retired Army officer, Dr. Kelly most recently served as the Senior National Security Officer in the Office of Science and Technology Policy. Previous assignments included serving as Chief of Staff of the Critical Infrastructure Assurance Office, serving as congressional liaison for strategic plans and future force structure in the Office of the Secretary of the Army, and a year as a White House Fellow.
Dr. Kelly has also served as Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematical Sciences, RPI, and as Assistant Professor, Systems Engineering Department, West Point. His early years in the Army were with direct support field artillery units, first with the 82nd Airborne Division, where he deployed on Operation Urgent Fury (Grenada) and later with the 8th Infantry Division in West Germany. He next served in the office of the U.S. Army Deputy Chief of Staff for Operations and Plans, first as the R&D Action Officer and later as the speech writer for the Director of Army Force Development. Rev. 9/02.
| Debra S. Knopman (Ph.D., Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Johns Hopkins University; M.S., Civil Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; B.A., Chemistry, Wellesley College) is a senior engineer at the RAND Corporation. Her expertise is in hydrology, environmental and natural resources policy, systems analysis, and public administration. She is a member of the Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board, which has oversight of the Yucca Mountain scientific and engineering program, and chairs the Board's Site Characterization Panel. From 1995 to 2000, she served as director of the Center for Innovation and the Environment at the Progressive Policy Institute in Washington, DC. She served as Deputy Assistant Secretary for Water and Science at the Department of Interior from 1993-1995. Prior to 1993, she worked for the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Senate Environment and Public Works Committee. She is the 2001 recipient of The Johns Hopkins University Alumni Association's Woodrow Wilson Award for Distinguished Government Service. Rev. 11/01.
| Aaron Kofner (M.S., Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University; B.A., Economics, University of Maryland) has been an associate statistical and quantitative analyst for the RAND Corporation since April 2002. He recently completed a project that evaluated the economic and legislative impacts of technology transfer legislation. Prior to this project, he contributed to a group effort to evaluate the historical impact of federal aerospace research and development expenditures. In this project, using macroeconomic modeling, he detailed the economic impact that federal R&D investment has historically had on the national economy. In addition, he worked on a project examining the nature of federally funded research and development centers (FFRDCs) and their funding sources and agreements for consistency and efficiency.
Prior to coming to RAND, Mr. Kofner worked at The Cadmus Group Inc., as an Environmental and Statistical Analyst where he led a team preparing an Economic Analysis of the LT2ESWTR amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act. At Cornell University he was a Research Associate for the Director of the Cornell Local Government Program, designing, preparing and compiling large survey data sets using multiple analytical tools for a local governance guide to smart growth planning and wastewater treatment. He also worked as an economist with the Bureau of Labor Statistics where he spearheaded a research endeavor that examined revamping National employment data sets and data collection methods for timeliness, consistency and quality and made regular reports to senior staff regarding project status. Rev. 10/02.
| Beth E. Lachman (M.S., Operations Research, Stanford University, 1984; B.S. with distinction, Operations Research and Industrial Engineering, Cornell University, 1982) is a policy analyst in the RAND Corporation's Washington office. Her expertise includes systems analysis of environmental problems, environmental science and technology policy, sustainable development policy, mathematical modeling and GIS analysis of urban systems. For the S&T Policy Institute, Ms. Lachman helped with the development and implementation of the National Environmental Technology Strategy. She recently led a project to analyze federal, state, and local government collaboration in the development and implementation of environmental technologies for sustainability. Ohter work also includes analysis of industry environmental management practices, technology policy for Dutch transportation, sustainable community implementation, environmental R&D, monitoring, and innovative regulatory policies. Rev. 7/96.
| Eric Larson (Ph.D., Policy Analysis, RAND Graduate School, 1995; A.B., Political Science, University of Michigan, 1980) is a policy analyst with nearly two decades of experience, primarily in the national security and foreign affairs fields. After graduating from the University of Michigan, he worked at the White House Office of Planning and Evaluation (1981-83), the National Security Council staff (1983-87), and the Institute for Defense Analyses (1987-89). He initially joined the RAND Corporation in 1989 as a Fellow in the RAND Graduate School and remained as a Policy Analyst after completing his graduate work. Some recent publications include New Forces at Work, which is the latest National Critical Technologies Panel report for the White House's Office of Science and Technology Policy, co-authored with Steven Popper and Caroline Wagner, and a study for the American Electronics Association of theft from American high-technology firms, co-authored with James Dertouzos and Patricia Ebener. Rev. 12/99.
| Tom LaTourrette (Ph.D., Geology, California Institute of Technology; B.A., Geology, University of California at Berkeley) joined the RAND Corporation in November 1999 as an Associate Physical Scientist. Tom's research focuses on industrial technology assessments and energy resources. He collected "executive" stakeholder input to identify emerging critical technologies for personal protective equipment for emergency responders and for the mining industry. Other mining-related work includes analyzing the economic implications of new mine developments and evaluating mining policy in China. He also examined technological, regulatory, and logistic factors influencing the fossil fuel resources available in the Rocky Mountain region. Other research interests include natural hazards, solar system exploration, and science and technology research priorities. Prior to coming to RAND, Tom was a Rubey Faculty Fellow in the Department of Earth and Space Sciences at the University of California at Los Angeles, where he studied the chemistry of volcanic rocks and meteorites to understand the origin of lavas and the formation of the early solar system. Rev. 11/01.
| Robert J. Lempert (Ph.D., Applied Physics, Harvard University, 1986; B.A.S. Physics and Political Science, Stanford, 1980) is a senior physical scientist at the RAND Corporation. Dr. Lempert's recent work has focused on science and technology policy. He has led studies on science and technology planning for the Defense Advanced Projects Research Agency and on innovation in environmental technologies for the Office of Science and Technology Policy and the National Science and Technology Council. He has studied adaptive-decisionmaking strategies for climate change and regulatory and research policies to promote environmental quality through innovation and commercialization of new environmental and energy technologies. Dr. Lempert is part of a small team of RAND analysts exploring how modern computer technology and insights from the study of complex adaptive systems can provide new analytic tools to treat policy problems--many in the science, technology, and environmental policy areas--that are difficult to address quantitatively using traditional methods. Rev. 4/98.
| Martin Libicki (Ph.D., Industrial Economics, University of California at Berkeley) joined the RAND Corporation in 1998 as a Senior Policy Analyst. His present field of interest is the relationship between information technology and national security. In that context, he has written Illuminating Tomorrow's War (NDU Press, 1998), which examines aspects of the revolution in military affairs, and its impact on DOD's requirements for integrated information. Other works include The Mesh and the Net: Speculations on National Security in an Age of Free Silicon, which dealt with military technology circa 2025; Information Technology Standards: Quest for the Common Byte (Digital Press, 1995); What is Information Warfare, Defending Cyberspace and Other Metaphors; "Dominant Battlespace Knowledge and its Consequences" (a chapter in Dominant Battlespace Knowledge); "Emerging Military Instruments" in INSS's Strategic Assessment 1996; and the concluding chapters of Strategic Assessment 1998. Earlier monographs include What Makes Industries Strategic and Industrial Strength Defense. Prior employment included twelve years at the National Defense University, three years on the Navy Staff as program sponsor for industrial preparedness, and three years as a policy analyst for the GAO's Energy and Minerals Division. Rev. 2/99.
| J.R. Lockwood (Ph.D., Statistics Carnegie Mellon University, 2001; M.S., Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, 1997; B.A. Environmental Science and Policy, Duke University, 1996) has been an Associate Statistician in the RAND Statistics Group since September 2001. His policy research interests include risk assessment and prioritization methods for responding to unexploded ordnance (UXO) at closed, transferred and transferring military ranges, evaluation of anti-personnel mine detection technologies, value-added modeling approaches for teacher and school accountability, and estimating longitudinal effects of education practices. His methodological interests include Bayesian model complexity and model selection, hierarchical and spatial modeling, Markov chain Monte Carlo methods and statistical computing and graphics. Rev. 3/02.
| Jackie MacDonald (M.S., Environmental Science in Civil Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; B.A., magna cum laude, Mathematics, Bryn Mawr College) was an engineer at the RAND Corporation's Pittsburgh Office. She specialized in analysis of environmental remediation issues. Prior to joining RAND at the end of 1999, Ms. MacDonald was associate director of the National Research Council's Water Science and Technology Board. She worked at the Research Council for nearly a decade directing and managing studies related to cleanup of contaminated groundwater and soil, remediation of sites in the former nuclear weapons complex, and management of municipal water supplies. She has published extensively in environmental journals, including Environmental Science & Technology, Water Research, Journal of the American Water Works Association, and Water Environment & Technology. Rev. 9/02.
| Roger C. Molander (Ph.D., Engineering Science and Nuclear Engineering, University of California at Berkeley) is a senior research scientist at RAND, where he has been since 1989. He has ledthe development of the RAND Corporation's "Day After . . ." exercise methodology for exploring new types of strategic conflicts. This methodology was originally developed to explore the counternuclear proliferation problem and, more recently, has been applied to cyberspace warfare against critical U.S. infrastructures and the Y2K problem. A variation has also been used in a U.S. Treasury-funded study of the potential impact of various emerging facets of electronic commerce--cyberpayments, electronic cash, Internet banking, and Internet gambling--on the national and global anti-money laundering strategy. His work has also included projects for the National Infrastructure Protection Center at the FBI and the CIA's National Intelligence Council. Rev. 4/98.
| David A. Mussington (Ph.D., Political Science, Carleton University, 1994; M.A., Political Science, University of Toronto, 1985; B.A., Economics, University of Toronto, 1984) joined the RAND Corporation in 1995, after an interim appointment as Director of the International Organizations and Nonproliferation Project at the Monterey Institute of International Studies. Dr. Mussington began his career as a Defense Scientist with the Department of National Defence, Canada. Subsequent to this appointment he won a post-doctoral fellowship at the Center for Science and International Affairs of the John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. While at Harvard, Dr. Mussington was a principal team member on a study which subsequently led to the U.S. Department of Defense's Cooperative Threat Reduction program, a plan that is underwriting the dismantlement of nuclear weapons previously targeted on the United States and its allies. Awarded an ensuing research associates post at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in 1993, Dr. Mussington completed a widely quoted study on conventional arms transfers and proliferation trends in the developing world. Dr. Mussington serves as a consultant on nonproliferation, arms transfer, and infrastructure protection issues to the Government of Canada.
His current research activities include analysis of critical infrastructure protection problems --with a focus on the security electronic commerce; Infrastructure governance issues in the global Internet, and Intellectual property issues relating the growth of the Internet to economic growth. Rev. 4/98.
| Parry M. Norling (Ph.D., Polymer Chemistry, Princeton University 1965; B.A., Physical Sciences, Harvard College, 1961; Executive Management Program, Penn State, 1977) was AAAS Fellow at the RAND Corporation's Washington office. He retired in December 1998 after 33 years with the DuPont Company where he held a number of R&D and manufacturing management positions and spent two years as Corporate Director of Health and Safety. From 1999-2001 he served part-time as Corporate Technology Adviser at DuPont supporting the Chief Science and Technology Officer. He was chairman of the Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry's CHEMRAWN (CHEMical Research Applied to World Needs) committee and a member of the IUPAC Bureau; he was Chairman of the Industrial Research Institute (IRI) 1999-2000, and is currently a member of the Board of Directors of the American Creativity Association. His research interests included the functioning of human networks or communities of practices, improving the quality and effectiveness of innovation processes, assessing environmental technologies for sustainable development, understanding near term nanotechnologies, and developing of icephobic coatings. Rev. 11/01
| Demosthenes James (DJ) Peterson (Ph.D., Political Science, University of California at Los Angeles, 1996) specializes in science and technology, natural resources, and business development issues in the U.S. and abroad. Dr. Peterson has contributed to several studies for the Office of Science and Technology Policy including an assessment of programs in the U.S. to promote the development and diffusion of innovative environmental management systems and technologies (1998) and the application of environmental monitoring data in policy and management decision making, particularly as they relate to forest resources (1999). In 2000, DJ led a series of discussions with over 90 leaders in the mining industry to obtain a high-level perspective on the critical technologies and practices that will drive the development of the industry in the future. He was coprincipal investigator on a multitask effort examining personal protection technology trends and R&D needs for the emergency response community. Rev. 9/02.
| Shari Lawrence Pfleeger (Ph.D., Information Technology and Engineering, George Mason University; M.S., Planning, and M.A., Mathematics, The Pennsylvania State University; B.A., Mathematics with high honors, Harpur College, Binghamton, NY) is a senior researcher at the RAND Corporation's Washington Office, where she helps organizations and government agencies understand whether and how information technology supports their missions and goals. Dr. Pfleeger began her career as a developer and maintainer for real-time, business-critical software systems. From 1982 to 2002, she was president of Systems/Software, Inc., a consultancy specializing in software engineering and technology. From 1997 to 2000, she was also a visiting professor at the University of Maryland's computer science department. In the past, she was founder and director of Howard University's Center for Research in Evaluating Software Technology (CREST) and was a visiting scientist at the City University (London) Centre for Software Reliability, principal scientist at MITRE Corporation's Software Engineering Center, and manager of the measurement program at the Contel Technology Center.
Dr. Pfleeger's publications include Software Engineering: Theory and Practice (2nd ed., 2001, Prentice Hall), Security in Computing (3rd ed., with Charles P. Pfleeger, 2002, Prentice Hall), Solid Software (2001, with Les Hatton and Charles Howell, Prentice Hall), and Software Metrics: A Rigorous and Practical Approach (2nd ed., with Norman Fention, 1996, Boyd and Fraser Publishers). She was for several years the associate editor-in-chief of IEEE Software, where she edited the Quality Time column, and then associate editor of IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. From 1998 to 2002, she was a member of the editorial board of Prentice Hall's Software Quality Institute series. She is a senior member of IEEE, the IEEE Computer Society, and the Association for Computing Machinery. Rev. 09/02
| Steven W. Popper (Ph.D., Economics, University of California at Berkeley, 1985) is a senior economist in RAND's International Policy Department and served as Associate Director of the Science and Technology Policy Institute from 1995 to 2001. He was also Professor of Science and Technology Policy in the RAND Graduate School. He has published research on the economics of innovation, particularly on how organizations identify and incorporate technological change. In 1998, at the request of the Office of Science and Technology Policy in the Executive Office of the White House, Dr. Popper and his colleagues engaged and solicited the views of presidents, CEOs, and Chief Technology Officers from firms representing a cross section of industries on the state of the U.S. industrial technology base. Instead of focusing on producing lists of critical technologies, the resulting report, New Forces at Work, explores the issues surrounding federal R&D policies.
Dr. Popper also co-led efforts to support the National Science and Technology Council's Summit on Innovation to identify priorities for federal policy in this area as well as a study on federal R&D priority setting and coordination for the National Science Board. He has led research on converting military technology to civilian purposes; how characteristics of economic systems affect the response to change by industrial firms; and the economics of transition in the former Soviet-type economies. He led the RAND Corporation's first Summer Institute, a week-long workshop on science, technology, and U.S. economic competitiveness. He is currently coteaching the course, "Complex Adaptive Systems and Policy Analysis" for the RAND Graduate School. Rev. 1/00
| Stephen Rattien (Ph.D., Environmental and Economic Development Planning, Cornell University, 1970; MSEE, Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 1965; BEE, Cooper Union, 1963) is a senior research manager in science, engineering, and technology, a program developer and researcher with over thirty years of experience. He currently serves as Director, Science and Technology, at the RAND Corporation, where he oversees a mix of public- and private-sector activities that included the Science and Technology Policy Institute, which supports the Office of Science and Technology Policy in the Executive Office of the President. He previously served as Executive Director of the National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council's Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources, and, before that, served as Deputy Executive Director of the Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems. He has also served as vice president of a statewide industry-university innovative technology center, as president of a 55-person contract research firm, in management positions at the National Science Foundation and in the Office of the Science Adviser of President, on the staff of the President's Council on Environmental Quality, and on the graduate faculty of the University of Pittsburgh. His management and research skills, as well as experience in government, industry and university settings, both in the U.S. And abroad, have been applied to a wide range of scientific, technical, and policy issues. Rev 10/99.
| Susan A. Resetar (M.S., Operations Research, University of California at Berkeley; AB, Mathematics and Economics, Cornell University) is an Operations Research Specialist focusing on environmental and technology issues at the RAND Corporation. Her recent research areas include: environmental management systems (particularly design-for-environment, ISO 14000), industrial environmental R&D priorities and industrial ecology, federal environment and energy R&D planning, and policies to promote the development and commercialization of energy and environmental technologies. She provided analytic support to the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology Energy Review Panel, contributing to its report Federal Energy Research and Development for the Challenges of the Twenty-First Century. She also supported two National Science and Technology Committee reports: Technology for a Sustainable Future: A Framework for Action and Bridge to a Sustainable Future: The National Environmental Technology Strategy. Ms Resetar also has extensive experience developing cost-analysis methodologies for advanced technologies and is on the planning committee for the Greening of Industry Network. Rev 10/99.
| Liam P. Sarsfield (M.S., Public Policy) was a Senior Policy Analyst whosemost recent research has focused on the planning and implementation of future Air Force telecommunications systems, including new strategies for using commercial architectures to meet emerging military requirements. He has also done extensive research on the evolution of the Air Force to a service more reliant on space-based systems. Mr. Sarsfield has led research for the Office of Science and Technology Policy on civil small satellite programs to evaluate their impact on the future of earth and space science missions. His work for the institute included assisting with the design and implementation of a database of information encompassing research and development activities of the federal government, and the study of issues associated with the future implementation of the Global Positioning System. Prior to joining the RAND Corporation, Mr. Sarsfield was Technical Director of the Special Payloads Division of the Lockheed Martin Corporation in Greenbelt, Maryland where he managed the design and development of research spacecraft for the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. His technical background is space physics and propulsion; he has a laboratory background in fluid dynamics and the low-gravity processing of materials, and has led design studies of ground and space-based facilities for the conduct of scientific investigations, including the implementation of the International Space Station. His experience also includes the development of knowledge-based information systems, aeronautical propulsion, and launch vehicle systems. Rev. 3/98.
| Richard Silberglitt (Ph.D., Solid State Physics, University of Pennsylvania, 1968; M.S., Physics, University of Pennsylvania, 1964; B. S., Physics with High Honor, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1963) is a Senior Physical Scientist with experience in performing, evaluating and managing research in ceramics, magnetic materials, superconductivity, joining of advanced materials, microwave processing of materials, solar energy, and other advanced technology areas. He recently leda study of the potential impact of high temperature superconductivity on the reliability of the electric utility grid and analyzing materials science and engineering trends for the Global Trends 2015 project. Prior to joining the RAND Corporation, he was Vice President and Materials Advisor at FM Technologies, where he developed and pursued several advanced materials research and development initiatives. Other previous employment includes the University of California, Santa Barbara; Brookhaven National Laboratory, the Division of Materials Research of the National Science Foundation; and the National Academy of Sciences. He has 100 publications and reports, two patents, and two pending patent applications and is currently a member of the Microwave Working Group, which has organized the First and Second World Congresses on Microwave and Radio Frequency Processing. Rev. 4/00.
| Sally Sleeper (Ph.D., Organization Science and Economics, Carnegie Mellon University, 1998; M.S., Policy Analysis and Public Management, SUNY Stony Brook, 1986) is an associate behavioral scientist at the RAND Corporation. Dr. Sleeper's area of research is the evolution of technology, with an emphasis on the impacts of technology on firm formation, growth, and innovation. She also examines the changes in organizational structure that occur from implementing new technologies and policies. Her recent research projects included a study of the contribution of university research to innovation and economic performance in industry to help inform policy on federal support for science and engineering research in mature industries. In addition, she has researched the role of information transfer in the rate and success of firm startups in high technology markets. Prior to joining RAND, she was an executive consultant with Ernst & Young, specializing in statistics and quantitative methods for management planning and program evaluation. Rev. 12/00.
| Caroline S. Wagner (Ph.D. Candidate, Science and Technology Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 2002; M.A., Science, Technology and Public Policy, George Washington University,1982; B.A., Philosophy, Trinity College, 1977) is a Senior Policy Analyst conducting research and analysis in science and technology policy issues. She currently works out of the RAND Corporation's offices in Leiden, the Netherlands. Her ongoing research projects have included efforts to identify the scale and scope of international cooperation in science and technology; priority-setting in public research and development spending; and research into the dynamics of national innovation systems. Past positions within RAND have included serving as deputy to the Director of the Science and Technology Policy Institute, as director of outreach for the institute, and as a policy analyst working on science and technology policy issues. Prior to joining the institute, Caroline was a Professional Staff Member for the House of Representatives Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, working on issues of technology and competitiveness, primarily on the National Competitiveness Acts of 1992 and 1993. Prior to her Capitol Hill experience, Caroline was an analyst for the United States federal government specializing in comparative analysis of scientific and technical capabilities worldwide. Her research positions included a 2-year assignment at the U.S. Embassy in Seoul, South Korea. Caroline has also served as a research consultant to the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment and the National Science Foundation. Caroline is an adjunct professor at the George Mason University. She is a member of the Advisory Board of the Georgia Institute of Technology School of Public Policy, and a founding board member of the Washington Science Policy Alliance. Rev. 9/01
| Mark Wang (Sc.D., Physics, MIT; S.B., Physics, MIT; S.B., Mathematics, MIT) was Associate Director of the S&T Policy Institute from 2001 to 2003.. Mark is a physical scientist who joined the RAND Corporation in 1994. His research has centered primarily in the Arroyo and NDRI logistics programs, leading projects on military supply chain and strategic distribution processes. This included analysis of VSAT networks and commercial IT to support deployed logistics, and field research in Operation Joint Endeavor base camps in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia. In 1998, Mark was among a group of RAND researchers awarded Al Gore's Hammer Award for contributions to the Army's Velocity Management Initiative. From 2000-2002, Mark also served as Associate Director of RAND's National Security Research Division. Rev. 6/02.
| Willis H. Ware (Ph.D., Princeton University; S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and B.S., University of Pennsylvania, all in electrical engineering) is now a resident consultant with the RAND Corporation in Santa Monica, California. Prior to retirement, he was a member of the corporate research staff. He joined RAND in 1952 and has held several staff and management positions.
His career has been devoted to all aspects of computer science--hardware, software, architectures, software development, Federal agency and military applications, management of computer-intensive projects, public policy, and legislation. In the late 1960s, he developed a research interest in the security of computer systems, and shortly thereafter, a corresponding interest in the personal privacy consequences of record-keeping systems. He has written extensively on both topics, has testified to Congress, and has been active professionally as speaker and conferee. In the early 1970s, he chaired the "HEW committee" whose report was the foundation for the Federal Privacy Act of 1974. President Ford appointed him to the subsequent Privacy Protection Study Commission, whose report remains the most extensive examination of private-sector record-keeping practices. Dr. Ware is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, a Fellow of the Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineers, a Fellow of the American Association for Advancement of Science, and a Fellow of the Association of Computing Machinery (ACM). Rev. 9/98.
| Tim Webb (B.S., Electrical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania; Diploma, Electric Engineering, Imperial College; M.A. Public Policy, Harvard University) was the first associate director of the institute, serving in that position from 1992 to 1995. He is a founder and Partner in Inflection Point Ventures, an early stage venture capital fund based in the Mid-Atlantic and New England. Prior to Inflection Point, Mr. Webb was a Special Advisor to Patricof & Company Ventures, Inc., and a Partner in Embryon Capital. From 1984 to 1995, Mr.Webb was a manager and research professional at the RAND Corporation. While at RAND, he led studies in areas including strategic defense, nuclear force management, arms control, and defense system research, development and acquisition. These efforts culminated in his serving as the initial Associate Director of the Critical Technologies Institute from 1992-1995. Prior to RAND, Mr. Webb was an engineer with the General Electric Space Systems Division, where he worked on space vehicle and ground support hardware and software.
| Valerie L. Williams (Ph.D., Bio-organic Chemistry, New York University, 1994; B.S., Chemistry, Emory University, 1988) is an associate biochemist at the RAND Corporation. She recently completed an appointment as a Visiting Assistant Professor in the Department of Chemistry at Simmons College where she taught biochemistry and organic chemistry. Prior to her appointment at Simmons, Dr. Williams was a postdoctoral research fellow in the Dept. of Pharmacology at the Mayo Clinic, her research interests focused on the characterization of protein folding and the role of charge-transfer interactions in proteins. As a RAND research analyst, Dr. Williams' research interests include the ethical, legal, and social issues of genetics research; the impact of biotechnology on research and development; the role of science in educational reform; and efforts to increase diversity in the science and technology workforce. Rev. 10/98.
| | Anny Wong (Ph.D., Political Science, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1998; M.Phil., Government and Public Administration, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1989) is an associate political scientist. Her most recent work has involved best practices in international science and technology cooperation, global climate change policy and agricultural biotechnology. Prior to joining the RAND Corporation, Anny was a policy analyst for a conservation NGO and worked on international forest policy issues related to international trade, global climate change, and the World Bank. She was a Degree Fellow at the East-West Center in Honolulu from 1991 to 1996 and has lived and worked in many parts of Asia. Her books and articles have covered many subjects on Japanese domestic politics and foreign policy, including regional security, resource use and management, transboundary pollution problems, official development assistance, and cultural diplomacy. Rev. 12/00. |
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