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Emergency Preparedness and Response

Selected Research, Commentary and Congressional Testimony

Human Side of Katrina Recovery Still Needs Work — Oct. 19, 2009

Katrina evacuees on bus returning home, photo courtesy of FEMA/J. Quesada

Four years after Hurricane Katrina, many people in the Gulf Coast region are still "just surviving," struggling with the economic devastation and the physical and psychological toll of these kinds of disasters, write Anita Chandra and Joie Acosta.

Five Questions President Obama Should Ask in His Visit to New Orleans — Oct. 14, 2009

U.S. HUD Secretary Donovan helps rebuild New Orleans home, photo courtesy of whitehouse.gov

The federal government has spent about $140 billion responding to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, and the Gulf Coast now needs more money for hurricane and flood protection and for coastal restoration. But we still haven't properly evaluated whether our money was spent wisely, writes Melissa Flournoy.

More Support Is Needed to Integrate Nongovernmental Agencies in Human Recovery from Disasters — Sep. 23, 2009

people hugging by trailer

Changing emergency planning rules to make nongovernmental organizations a key component of recovery efforts could get them involved earlier and speed the full recovery of communities after disaster strikes.

The H1N1 Pandemic: Lessons Learned from the Cities Readiness Initiative — Sep. 14, 2009

pedestrians in city street

In this Congressional Briefing researchers Christopher Nelson and Edward Chan discuss their evaluation of the Cities Readiness Initiative, a program designed to help the nation's largest metropolitan areas prepare the delivery of medications and other medical supplies during public health emergencies.

A National Agenda for Public Health Systems Research on Emergency Preparedness — Aug. 17, 2009

emergency assistance assign with braille letters

Improving public health emergency preparedness tops the national agenda but has been hindered by the lack of real-world situations to learn from. The Federal Government, therefore, asked RAND to facilitate the development of a research agenda that would expand the evidence base upon which preparedness policies are based.

Public Health Preparedness and Response to Chemical and Radiological Incidents — Aug. 6, 2009

chemical refinery against orange sky

One under-examined area of public health emergency preparedness concerns incidents involving the release of chemical or radiological substances, which can have serious public health consequences. This report focuses on the roles of the public health service in emergency preparedness and its response to such incidents.

Health Departments Get Mixed Marks for Using Web to Communicate About Flu Crisis — Jul. 7, 2009

younger and older woman on a computer

State and local health departments get mixed marks for efforts to convey information about the H1N1 virus to the public using their Web sites immediately after U.S. officials declared a public health emergency in April.

U.S. Households Are Coping with the Economic Downturn by Helping Each Other Financially — Jun. 5, 2009

silhouette of family, dollar bills

One way that U.S. households are coping with the global economic downturn is by reaching out to each other via financial help, according to recent survey results, which also reveal that many more households are giving financial help than receiving it and that help most frequently flows from parents to children.

Swine Flu: A Real Security Threat — Apr. 30, 2009

scientist wearing protective gear handles petri dish

In the rush of constant news updates on swine flu, we must recognize that controlling the spread of this disease is not simply a health concern but also one of national security. And in today's globalized world, the spread of swine flu has become not just a U.S. national security threat but every country's national security threat, writes Melinda Moore.

Federal Program Has Improved Health Agencies' Preparedness for Large-Scale Bioterror or Disease Outbreaks — Mar. 24, 2009

Ambulance Emergency

A federal program designed to help metropolitan public health agencies prepare to deliver essential medicines to the public after a large-scale bioterror attack or natural disease outbreak has succeeded in improving the level of readiness.

Preparing for the Psychological Consequences Following Large-Scale Emergencies — Dec. 31, 2008

Public health clinic

New training manuals provide a curricula that can be used to train hospital and clinic staff as well as department of mental health staff on how to prepare for and respond to the psychological consequences of large-scale disasters.

PREPARE for Pandemic Influenza: A Toolkit to Improve Public Health Preparedness — Dec. 22, 2008

researcher holds reconstructed 1918 Pandemic Influenza Virus inside a specimen vial, photo courtesy of CDC/Gathany

Mounting an effective emergency response to a public health threat, such as a pandemic influenza, is a common challenge of state and local public health agencies across the country. The PREPARE toolkit provides a brief tutorial on using quality improvement methods to build agency capabilities and public health emergency preparedness.

Obama, Congress Can Improve FEMA, Homeland Security — Dec. 21, 2008

volunteers erect house in Mississippi, photo courtesy of FEMA/Armstrong

In his campaign, President-elect Barack Obama pledged to rebuild the Gulf Coast — one of the country's most wounded, yet economically strategic, regions. To keep this laudable promise, he will need to make a sustained commitment not only to a national disaster recovery plan, but also a comprehensive economic development strategy for the Gulf Coast, writes Melissa Flournoy.

Better Efforts Needed to Track, Prevent Career-Ending Injuries Among Public Safety Workers — Dec. 18, 2008

Northern California fire crew, photo courtesy of FEMA/Booher

Non-fatal injuries to police officers, firefighters, emergency medical technicians and other public safety workers are common, but little is done to track these incidents in order to improve prevention efforts.

Balancing Prevention and Mitigation Approaches to an Uncertain Terrorist Threat — Dec. 12, 2008

Dept. Homeland Security Sec. Chertoff at a 2008 press conference with TSA Admin. Hawley

While traditional terrorism-prevention measures seek to prevent all damage by stopping attacks completely, the author recommends also adopting measures that seek to prevent only some of the damage from attacks, but that do so predictably across the many different ways in which they might occur, drawing examples from aviation security policy.

The Problem of Measuring Emergency Preparedness: How Reliable Should Our Response Systems Be? — Dec. 1, 2008

Search and Rescue workers at the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing: FEMA News Photo

Decisionmakers today largely assess emergency preparedness and homeland security "in the rear view mirror," looking at performance in actual events and responding to perceived failures. While real-world experience is important, better ways to assess preparedness prospectively will lead to better choices as to how and where to strengthen it.

Recommended Infrastructure Standards for Mass Antibiotic Dispensing — Oct. 10, 2008

antibiotic pills

In order to ensure that the U.S. government is able to dispense antibiotics and other life-saving medical countermeasures to large populations under short timelines in the case of a large-scale public health emergency, this report recommends standards for points of dispensing that are designed to apply to widely divergent jurisdictions.

National Preparedness Month: Lynn Davis on Individual Response Actions to Terrorist Attacks — Sep. 19, 2008

MR1731 cover

Individual preparedness is an important element of our nation's strategy for homeland security. Lynn E. Davis examines a scenario-driven approach that provides a rigorous way to identify actions-linked specifically to terrorist attacks-individuals can take to protect their health and safety.

Change Choices, Not Conversation — Aug. 24, 2008

FEMA school opening in LA

Too often we talk only about the ongoing challenges facing education, health care, transportation and economic development across the Gulf South — Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama.... We need to determine new ways to work together across state lines to focus on solutions that will benefit the entire region, writes Melissa Flournoy.

Displaced New Orleans Residents Survey: Where Are Hurricane Katrina Victims Now? — Jul. 16, 2008

displaced New Orleans residents, courtesy of Marvin Nauman/FEMA

The new Displaced New Orleans Residents Survey (DNORS) is designed to examine the current location, well-being, and plans of people who lived in the City of New Orleans when Hurricane Katrina struck in 2005.

Long, Unpredictable Delays Found in Louisiana `The Road Home' Grants to Homeowners — May 27, 2008

Woman by trailer, photo courtesy of FEMA.gov - John Fleck

Louisiana homeowners who sought federally-funded grants through “The Road Home” program for homes damaged by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita have had to wait more than eight months on average to receive grants.

Concrete Closets Under Manufactured Homes Could Save Lives — Feb. 23, 2008

Mobile homes destroyed by tornado

Tornado deaths and injuries are the predictable result of poorly conceived construction patterns that threaten to reverse the benefits that have resulted from advanced storm warning and forecasting capabilities, writes Charles Meade.

Live Operators Crucial for Public Health Department Disease-Reporting Hotlines — Jan. 2, 2008

Emergency response call center

Public health departments that staff disease-reporting hotlines with live operators at all times are more likely to meet federal guidelines designed to help stop the spread of infectious diseases.

A Framework for Planning Cost-Effective Rail Security Against a Terrorist Attack — Dec. 11, 2007

Train

U.S. communities depend on reliable, safe, and secure rail systems, but such systems are vulnerable to terrorist attack. A framework developed for rail security planners and policymakers can help guide cost-effective plans to secure their rail systems from attacks.

Evidence-Based Planning Will Be Critical to a Successful 2012 London Olympics — Nov. 28, 2007

Runners in London

Planning a successful Olympics in London in 2012 will require organizers to learn from the successes and problems of past games in the areas of transportation, infrastructure and security.

An Economic Redevelopment Plan for New Orleans — Nov. 28, 2007

New Orleans

New Orleans should craft a comprehensive economic redevelopment plan that combines public- and private-sector funding with a centralized structure. Total operating costs could run between $2 million and $3 million per year.

Victims of Terrorism Have Significant Influence on Policy and Legislation — Nov. 20, 2007

A fireman in front of an American flag

Since September 11, 2001, organized groups of families and friends have emerged to become a powerful voice in U.S. counterterrorist policy and legislation. These groups have been successful in establishing the 9/11 Commission and implementing its most important recommendations.

Natural Disaster Research Could Help Reduce Economic Losses — Oct. 25, 2007

California wildfire 2007, photo by David S. Roberts

The nation may be able to reduce losses from disasters such as wildfires and floods if more research focused on how to protect people, buildings and infrastructure.

Schools Not Sustaining Mental Health Aid to Children Displaced by Hurricane Katrina — Oct. 18, 2007

Depressed student in school hallway

Despite strong initial efforts to support the mental health needs of students displaced by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, many schools have not been able to fulfill students' mental health needs over the long term.

Repair and Replacement of Affordable Housing Lags in Mississippi's Post-Katrina Recovery — Sep. 27, 2007

House under construction, photo courtesy of FEMA

While construction permits have been issued for approximately 60 percent of the housing damaged by Hurricane Katrina, repair and replacement of multi-unit housing significantly lags behind repair and replacement of single-family homes in three coastal counties in Mississippi heavily damaged by the hurricane.

Katrina Proved We Must Do Better Job of Protecting Our Protectors — Aug. 13, 2007

Ambulance workers

Protecting our [emergency] protectors is more than just the right thing to do; it is critical to maintaining America's capability to respond to future disasters, writes Brian A. Jackson.

Lessons Learned from the Army's Response to Hurricane Katrina — Jun. 4, 2007

This is a satellite image of the devastaing Hurricane Katrina moving through the Gulf of Mexico

The U.S. Army should change the way it plans for domestic emergencies to better support state and local first responders.

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